What is Motor Efficiency & How to improve it?

Electric motor is a type of machine which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using the interaction between magnetic field and current in its winding to produce/generate force in the motor. If we actually reverse this process then mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and that is done by generators .Electromagnetism Is the main phenomenon that is used by motors.


Basic Parts of the Motor:
Coming to the parts of motors, major parts of motor are as follows

Rotor:
This is the moving and important part of the electric motor which rotate the shaft to produce mechanical energy.

Stator:
Stationary part of the motor is stator it either has few windings or has a fixed magnet. Its main core is made of multiple lamination or sheets of different metals to minimize the losses.

Air Gap:
A minute gap between stator and rotor is called air gap. It is necessary to have gap between these two components but it is forced to be as small as it is possible otherwise will have adverse effects on motor Performance.

Commutator:
It basically deals with the process of switching input to DC motor. It is comprised of slip rings that are insulated from each other and from shaft.

What is Motor Efficiency:
The ratio between motor Output and Input is called efficiency which is indicated by the symbol of “η” and represented in the “%”. or

This is the factor which tells about performance of the motor. It is the ratio between output and input power at shaft it can be written as efficiency (e) = output power / input power i.e.

Motor Efficiency = Motor Eff = Motor Out Put Power / Motor Input Power

Motor efficiency is denoted by the symbol of eta= η.

Efficiency = η = (Output / Input) x 100

Or

Efficiency = η = Input – Losses / Input

Or

Efficiency = η = Output / Output + Losses.

There is no such a machine without losses. thus, the value of output of a machine is always less than the input. i.e.

Output = Input – Losses

In other words;

Input = Output + Losses

Therefore, we can write the efficiency formula as well.

Efficiency = η = Input – Losses / Input

Or

Efficiency = η = Output / Output + Losses.