Torque or Turning Force

Define torque as the turning moment of a force
Torque is defined as the rotating moment or turning effect of a force.
We can define torque mathematically as:

(1)
τ=F×d⊥
where:

τ is the Torque (Nm)
F is the Force applied (N)
d⊥ is the perpendicular distance to the pivot of rotation from the applied force (m)

When the force acts at an angle, we can split it up into its relative horizontal and vertical components to find the effective or perpendicular force.
Hence, for the example to the right, Torque can be defined by:
(2)
τ=F×dsinθ

                                                OR

Torque is a rotating force, which tends to rotate a body about an axis. it is expressed as the force multiplied by the distance between the force and the turning point.