What is the minimum marks one has to obtain in order to receive certification?

A. a) For Certification of Energy Managers:

i. 50% of the maximum marks in each paper in Paper-I, Paper-II and Paper-III
b) For Certification of Energy Auditors:

What are all the Papers one has to appear for this examination?

A. The examination Papers for Energy Managers and Energy Auditors are given below:

Paper I - General Aspects of Energy Management & Energy Audit - 3 Hrs Duration - Maximum Marks:150

Paper II - Energy Efficiency in Thermal Utilities - 3Hrs Duration - Maximum Marks: 150

National Certification Examination for Energy Managers

Q. What is the eligibility criteria for appearing in this examination?.
   A. a)     Energy Managers:
1.     a graduate Engineer (Bachelor of Engineering/Bachelor of Technology) or equivalent with three years of work

Torque or Turning Force

Define torque as the turning moment of a force
Torque is defined as the rotating moment or turning effect of a force.
We can define torque mathematically as:

Bimetallic steam trap ( BST )

As the name implies, bimetallic steam traps are constructed using two strips of dissimilar metals welded together into one element. The element deflects when heated. (Figure 3):
There are two important points to consider regarding this simple element:

Balanced pressure steam trap ( BPST )

Balanced pressure steam trap with replaceable capsule

A large improvement on the liquid expansion trap is the balanced pressure trap, shown in Figure 2 Its operating temperature is affected by the surrounding steam pressure. The operating element is a capsule containing a special liquid and water mixture with a boiling point below that of water. In the cold conditions that exist at start-up, the capsule is relaxed. The valve is off its seat and is wide open, allowing unrestricted removal of air. This is a feature of all

Liquid expansion steam trap ( LEST)

 Liquid expansion steam trap

This is one of the simplest thermostatic traps and is shown in Figure 1 An oil filled element expands when heated to close the valve against the seat. The adjustment allows the temperature of the trap discharge to be altered between 60°C and 100°C, which makes it ideally suited as a device to get rid of large quantities of air and